• Objective 1 (Completed): Review current literature, identify gaps in knowledge about smoking behaviours and barriers to quitting and provide recommendations for future research;
• Objective 2 (Completed): Review targeted communication strategies that could decrease Indigenous smoking rates and provide recommendations for appropriate communication trials;
• Objective 3 (Completed): Review existing smoking prevention and cessation interventions and provide recommendations for appropriate trials; and
• Objective 4 (Underway): Review current tobacco control workforce capacity and needs and provide recommendations for improving capacity.

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Members Area

Australian Indigenous HealthInfonet
Information about Indigenous health for policy makers, service providers, researchers, students and the general community.

Onemda VicHealth Koori Health Research Unit
Onemda is a Koori Teaching and Research Unit based within the University of Melbourne

Cooperative Research Council of Aboriginal Health (CRCAH)
The CRCAH is a partnership between Aboriginal organisations, health policy makers, planners and service organisations, education and research institutions, which supports research that will improve Aboriginal health outcomes.State and National Aboriginal Health Organisations.

Australian Indigenous Health Promotion Knowledge Network (AIHKPN)

Menzies School of Health ResearchMSHR is recognised as a national leader in Indigenous, tropical and remote health research, and as an innovative centre for public health training and research education.

ABC Indigenous is part of the Australian Broadcast Commission website dedicated to Indigenous affairs and includes podcasts and transcripts of programs broadcast through the ABC television and radio network.

National, State and Territory Community Controlled Health Organisations

Aboriginal Health Council of South Australia (AHCSA)
AHCSA is the peak body representing Aboriginal community controlled health and substance misuse services in South Australia at a state and national level.

Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance Northern Territory (AMSANT)
AMSANT is a forum for community controlled health services in the Northern Territory of Australia to lobby for positive changes to the health of Aboriginal people.

National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (NACCHO)
NACCHO is the national peak Aboriginal health body representing Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services throughout Australia.

NSW Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council (AHMRC)
The Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales (AH&MRC) is the peak body for Aboriginal health in NSW and is comprised of over 60 Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations throughout the state.

Queensland Aboriginal and Islander Health Federation (QAIHF)
QAIHF is the peak body representing Aboriginal community controlled health and substance misuse services in Queensland at a state and national level.

Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (VACCHO)
VACCHO is the collective of all Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services around Victoria.

Western Australian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (WAACCHO)
WAACCHO is the peak body representing Aboriginal community controlled health and substance misuse services in?Western Australia at a state and national level.

Worldwide

John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Global Tobacco Control Website
With a funding commitment of $125 million, the Bloomberg Global Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use represents the largest-ever effort to fight tobacco in the low- and middle-income countries that are now home to a majority of the world's smokers. This site offers free instructional training for policy makers, researchers, educators and the general public. They help participants develop and implement effective tobacco control programs, advocate for substantial anti-smoking regulations and craft media campaigns that make a difference. Their multimedia educational modules feature tobacco control experts from around the world. The curriculum was developed by faculty at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, the premier source for research and policy guidance on how to stem the global epidemic of tobacco-related cancer deaths.

WHO: Tobacco
This webpage provides links to descriptions of activities, reports, news and events, as well as contacts and cooperating partners in the various WHO programmes and offices working on this topic. Also shown are links to related web sites and topics.

GLOBALink
Globalink is an international consortium of tobacco control organisations and their website offers news, reports and links to other information related to tobacco control.

Australia

Australian Council on Smoking and Health – ACOSH
This website out lines ACOSH’s role in tobacco control and provides information about its various tobacco control programs.

ASH Australia
This is a national health group dedicated to reducing tobacco diseases, disability and premature deaths caused by tobacco products. A non-government and not-for-profit organisation, ASH was established in 1994 by the Cancer Council NSW and the National Heart Foundation of Australia to protect and improve the health of the community through education, policy advice and information programs.

Department of Health and Ageing
A comprehensive Government site with a link to the National Tobacco Strategy and broader tobacco control policies such as taxation, pricing and advertising.

OxyGen
Tobacco information website for upper primary and secondary school aged kids. This is a website put together by Quit SA, WA and Vic.

The National Tobacco Campaign
A federal, state and territory health initiative supported by Population Health Division, Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing.

State Quitting Organisations

QUIT SA

QUIT Tasmania

Quit Victoria

Quit Western Australia

ATODS - QLD

Smokefree - NT

Tobacco Control Supersite
Recommended for tertiary student resources. Links to Tobacco Industry documents and other Australian and international information.

VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control
This site provides information about the VCTC and its research well as links to important repositories of knowledge on tobacco control both here and overseas.

New Zealand

ASH New Zealand
This website contains current research, information on the tobacco industry and regular updates on the work of Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) New Zealand.

Ministry of Health
The Ministry is involved in a large number of policy aspects of tobacco control, and this site focuses on the major ones including: Clearing the Smoke: A five-year plan for tobacco control in New Zealand 2004-2009

National Drug Policy
This website contains a wide range of information on tobacco smoking and tobacco control in New Zealand, including statistics on smoking and illness, activities underway to reduce smoking by New Zealanders and global efforts to confront the tobacco epidemic.

Australian Quitting Resources

Quit book
Online version of Quit Victoria's 'Quit because you can' booklet. Includes information on the four main steps in giving up smoking. Step one: deciding to quit; Step two: getting ready to quit; Step three: quitting; Step four: staying a non-smoker.

'Background Briefs' (Quit Victoria)
Cover such topics as: Quitting methods and products, nicotine chewing gum, nicotine patches, what's in cigarettes, addiction, withdrawal, passive smoking, smoking pregnancy and infants, smoking rates, smoking related diseases, passive smoking, mental illness and smoking cessation.

View full list

Australia

Ditch the Durries Website
This website is an initiative between the Quitnow National Tobacco Campaign and the Australian Indigenous Vibe website. It includes useful quitting information targeted at Indigenous Australians

Car and Home Smoke Free Zone
This website includes Aboriginal health pages with information about the dangers of passive smoking. There are also resources relevant to Aboriginal health workers.

Koori Druginfo
Alcohol and drug related information for the Koori community including a section on tobacco smoking.

National Tobacco Strategy
The National Tobacco Strategy 1999 to 2002-03 is one of a series of strategies that together form the National Drug Strategy 1999 to 2002-03 . The Tobacco Strategy provides a national framework for tobacco control in Australia . Recommendations for Indigenous tobacco control include: An audit of smoking initiatives; conduct a national forum on Indigenous tobacco control; trial nicotine replacement therapy; and research smoking cessation.

The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Complementary Action Plan 2003-2006 has been researched and written to complement the issues raised in the National Drug Strategy and to make them more applicable to Indigenous peoples. Within this complementary action plan, tobacco is recognised as a major factor contributing to the ill-health of Indigenous peoples.

New Zealand

Auahi Kore : Smokefree Maori
This site has information on Maori smoking rates and health effects including a fact sheet written in Maori.

Te Puni Kokiri
Facts on Maori smoking patterns and prevalence from Te Puni Kokiri - the New Zealand Government's principal adviser on Maori issues.

Canada

Health Canada : First Nations and Inuit Health (Tobacco)
Health Canada promotes tobacco control and provides resources to communities with a view to improving the health status of First Nations and Inuit people. There are sections on supporting communities, quitting smoking and health effects specifically for Aboriginal peoples.

Links

1. Low, T. 1987, Pituri: tracing the trade routes of an Indigenous intoxicant, Australian Natural History; 22(6):257-260

2. Macknight, C. 1976, The Voyage to Marege, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.

3. Rowse, T. 1998, White flour, white power: from rations to citizenship in central Australia. Cambridge University Press, Melbourne.

4. Statistics New Zealand, Ministry of Health 1993, A picture of health, Statistics New Zealand and Ministry of Health, Wellington

5. Stephens, T., Fowler, GD. 1993, Canada's Health Promotion Survey 1990: technical support. Minister of Supply and Services, Ottawa.

6. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2004, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey 2002: health of Indigenous Australians, ABS, Canberra.

7. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2002, 2001 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: detailed findings, AIHW cat. No. PHE-41, Canberra.

8. Cunningham, J. 1994, Cigarette smoking among Indigenous Australians, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra.

9. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 1996, Tobacco use and its health impact in Australia, AIHW, Canberra.

10. Chan A., Keane RJ., Robinson, JS. 2001, The contribution of maternal smoking to preterm birth, small for gestational age and low birthweight among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal births in South Australia, Medical Journal of Australia,174(8):389-93.

11. Crampton, P., Salmond, C., Woodward, A., Reid, P. 2000, Socioeconomic deprivation and ethnicity are both important for anti-tobacco health promotion, Health Education & Behaviour; 27(3):317-327.

12. Ivers, R. 2004, An evidence-based approach to planning tobacco interventions for Aboriginal people, Drug and Alcohol Review, 23:5-9.

13. Lindorff, K. 2002, Tobacco, time for action: National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tobacco control project [final report], National Aboriginal Community Contolled Health Organisation, Canberra.

14. Mundy, J. 2001, Smoking: Indigenous health's greatest challenge. Connexions 2000-2001: 4-8.

15. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2003, The health and welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2003, ABS, AIHW, Canberra.

16. Hoy, WE., Norman, RJ., Hayhurs,t BG., Pugsley, DJ. 1997, A health profile of adults in a Northern Territory Aboriginal community, with an emphasis on preventable morbidities, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 21(2):121-126.

17. Watson C., Fleming J., Alexander, K. 1988, A survey of drug use patterns in Northern Territory Aboriginal communities 1986-1987, Northern Territory Department of Health and Community Services, Drug and Alcohol Bureau, Darwin.

18. Victorian Aboriginal Health Service Cooperative Ltd. (nd) Study of Young Koori's Health and Well-Being: Cigarette Smoking, Unpublished Report, Melbourne.

19. Unwin, E., Thomson, N., Gracey, M. 1994, The impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on Aboriginal mortality and hospitalisation in Western Australia: 1983-1991, Occasional paper no. 60, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth.

20. Taylor, R. 1993, Risk of premature death from smoking in 15-year-old Australians, Australian Journal of Public Health, 17(4):358-364.

21. Bhatia, K., Anderson, P. 1995, An overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health: present status and future trends, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

22. English, DR., Holman, CD., Milne, E., Winter, MG., Hulse, GK., et al. 1995, The quantification of drug caused morbidity and mortality in Australia, Commonwealth Department of Human Services, Canberra.

23. Measey, M., d'Espaignet, E., Cunningham, J. 1998, , Territory Health Services, Darwin.

24. Australian Bureau of Statistics 1998, Deaths Australia, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra.

25. Higgins, K., Cooper-Stanbury, M., Williams, P. 2000, Statistics on drug use in Australia 1998 ,Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

26. English, DR., Holman, CD., Milne, E., Winter, MG., Hulse, GK., et al. 1995, The quantification of drug caused morbidity and mortality in Australia 1995: part 1, Commonwealth Department of Human Services, Canberra.

27. English, DR., Holman, CD., Milne, E., Winter, MG., Hulse, GK, et al. 1995, The quantification of drug caused morbidity and mortality in Australia 1995: part 2, Commonwealth Department of Human Services, Canberra.

28. Unwin, CE., Gracey, M., Thomson, N. 1995, The impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on Aboriginal mortality in Western Australia, Medical Journal of Australia; 162: 475-478.

29. Stephenson, J., Lenz, P. 1990, Tobacco smoking by Aboriginal people in Wilcannia, Western NSW, [S.l.]: [s.n.].

30. Kamien, M. 1978, The dark people of Bourke, Humanities Press, New Jersey, USA.

31. Lake P 1989, Alcohol and cigarette use by urban Aboriginal people. Aboriginal Health Information Bulletin; 11: 20-22.

32. Guest, C., O'Dea, K., Carlin, J., Larkins, R. 1992, Smoking in Aborigines and persons of European descent in south eastern Australia: prevalence and associations with food habits, body fat distribution and other cardiovascular risk factors. Australian Journal of Public Health; 16 (4):397-402.

33. Knowles, S., Woods, B. 1993, The health of Noongar people in the Great Southern Health Region, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth.

34. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1989, Reducing the health consequences of smoking - 25 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.

35. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1981 The health consequences of smoking - the changing cigarette: a report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.

36. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2004, Heart, stroke and vascular diseases: Australian facts 2004, Cardiovascular disease series no. 22, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

37. Edwards, RW. 2002, Mortality of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. In: Australian Bureau of Statistics, ed. Australian social trends, Australian Bureau of Statistics: 86-90, Canberra.

38. Thomson, N., Burns, J., Burrow, S., Kirov, E. 2004, Overview of Australian Indigenous health, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Perth, WA.

39. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2005) Mortality: overview, Retrieved 16 June 2005 from http://www.aihw.gov.au/indigenous/health/mortality.cfm

40. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2005) Ill health conditions: overview. Retrieved 16 June 2005 from http://www.aihw.gov.au/indigenous/health/health_conditions.cfm

41. Royal Australasian College of Physicians, Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2005, Tobacco Policy: using evidence for better outcomes, RACP and RANZCP, Sydney.

42. Centre for Epidemiology and Research 2003, New South Wales mothers and babies 2002, NSW Public Health Bulletin; 14(S-3).

43. Laws, PJ., Sullivan, EA. 2004, Australia's mothers and babies 2001, Australian Institute Health and Welfare, National Perinatal Statistics Unit, Sydney.

44. Ivers, R. 2001, Indigenous Australians and tobacco: a literature review, Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal and Tropical Health, Casuarina.

45. National Health Medical Research Council 1997, The health effects of passive smoking: a scientific information paper, National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra.

46. National Cancer Institute 1999, Health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: a report of the California Environmental Protection Agency, (Smoking and tobacco control monograph no. 10), US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.

47. Reading, J., Allard, Y. 1999, Chapter 4: The Tobacco Report. In: First Nations and Inuit Regional Health Survey Steering Committee, eds. First Nations and Inuit Regional Health Survey, First Nations and Inuit Regional Health Survey Steering Committee: 90-128, Ottawa.

48. Statistics Canada 2001, Canadian Community Health Survey, 2000/01, Statistics Canada, Ottawa.

49. Laugesen, M., Clements, M. 1998, Cigarette smoking mortality among Maori, Ministry of Maori Development, Wellington

50. Public Health Intelligence 2002, Tobacco facts May 2002, (Public health intelligence occasional report, no 2), Ministry of Health, Wellington.

51. Reid, P., Pouwhare, R. 1991, Te-taonga-mai-tawhiti (the-gift-from-a-distant-place), Niho Taniwha, Auckland

52. Te Puni Kökiri 1998, Cigarette smoking mortality among Maori, 1954-2028, Te Puni Kökiri, Wellington:

53. Woodward, A., Laugesen, M. 2001, How many deaths are caused by second-hand cigarette smoke? Tobacco Control; 10: 383-388.

54. Health Sponsorship Council 2003, Attitudes towards second hand smoke and establishing smoke free settings [unpublished report], Health Sponsorship Council, Wellington, NZ.

55. Reid P 1993, Tihei Mauri Ora, Te Hotu Manawa Maori, Auckland, NZ.

56. Te Puni Kokiri (1999) Maori smoking patterns, Te Puni Kokiri, Wellington, NZ.

58. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 1997, Census Facts for Native Americans. Retrieved 16 June 2005 from http://www.census.gov./population/estimates/nation/intfile3-1.txt

59. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1998, Tobacco use among U.S. racial/ethnic minority groups - African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: a report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.

60. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1999, Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 1997. MMWR; 48: 993-6

61. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2004-2005, Canberra.

62. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2005, 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: First results., AIHW cat. No. PHE-57 Canberra.

If you have (or know about) any Indigenous tobacco resources or reports, we invite you to Share Your Resources which means you can add resources to this web site. We have a List of Resources where people can read about your project, and access any reports or publications you may have published.

Click here to Share Your Resources

The Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet bibliography database contains a comprehensive list of Indigenous tobacco related publications. Suggested search terms are 'tobacco', 'smoking' and 'substance use'.

The Cochrane Library contains freely available reviews on various health topics. Tobacco related articles are found under 'Tobacco Addiction' when you browse by topic.

Journal Articles

If you have any relevant journal articles not listed below and you think they would be of interest to others in our community please click here to register it.

2008

Thomas D, Briggs V, Anderson I, Cunningham J (2008)
The social determinants of being an Indigenous non-smoker; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 32:110-16
View abstract

Wood L, France K, Hunt K, Eades S, Slack-Smith L (2008)
Indigenous women and smoking during pregnancy: Knowledge, cultural contexts and barriers to cessation. Social Science & Medicine, doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.024
View article

2007

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007)
Statistics on drug use in Australia 2006; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra; AIHW catalogue no. PHE 80
View Report

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2007)
Tobacco smoking - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: a snapshot, 2004-05 Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics
View Report

DiGiacomo M, Davidson P M, Davison J, Moore L, Abbott P (2007)
Stressful life events, resources, and access: key considerations in quitting smoking at an Aboriginal Medical Service; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 31(2) 174-176

2006

Adams, K., D. Rumbiolo, et al. (2006).
Evaluation of the Rumbalara's 'No more Dhonga' Short Coaruse in Giving Up Smokes; Aboriginal Health Worker Journal; 30(5): 11-12

Adams, K. and H. Walker (2006). 
Smokes and Aboriginal Health Worker Training;  Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal; 30(2): 15-16

Baker A, Ivers R, Bowman J, Butler T, Kay-Lambkin F, et al. (2006)
Where there's smoke, there's fire: high prevalence of smoking among some sub-populations and recommendations for intervention; Drug and Alcohol Review; 25(1):85-96
View Drug and Alcohol Review: Taylor and Francis publishers abstract

Franks C (2006)
Gallinyalla: a town of substance?: a descriptive study of alcohol, tobacco, medicines and other drug use in a rural setting; Rural and Remote Health; 6(1): Article 491
View article (PDF - 448KB)
View article (HTML)

Hallen G (2006)
Tobacco control: one of the best investments in public health; The Chronicle; 9(1):1-3
View article (PDF - 1.09MB - large file size!)

Heath D, Panaretto K, Manesis V, Larkins S, Malouf P, Reilly E, Elston J (2006)
Factors to consider in Smoking Interventions for Inidigenous Women; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 12(2)
View abstract

Ivers RG, Castro A, Parfitt D, Bailie RS, d'Abbs PH, et al. (2006)
Evaluation of a multi-component community tobacco intervention in three remote Australian Aboriginal communities; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 30(2):132-136
View ANZJPH abstract

Ivers RG, Castro A, Parfitt D, Bailie RS, Richmond RL, et al. (2006)
The role of remote community stores in reducing the harm resulting from tobacco to Aboriginal people; Drug and Alcohol Review; 25(3):195-199
View Drug and Alcohol Review: Taylor and Francis publishers abstract

Panaretto K, Lee H, Mitchell M, Larkins S, Manessis V, et al. (2006)
Risk factors for preterm, low birth weight and small gestational age birth in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in Townsville; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 30(2):163-170
View ANZJPH abstract

2005

Clough AR (2005)
Associations between tobacco and cannabis use in remote Indigenous populations in Northern Australia; Addiction; 100(3):346-353
View abstract

Mark A, McLeod I, Booker J, Ardler C (2005)
Aboriginal Health Worker Smoking - A Barrier to Lower Community Smoking Rates; Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal; 29(5)

Mohsin M, Bauman A (2005)
Socio-demographic factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation among 426,344 pregnant women in New South Wales, Australia; BMC Public Health; 5:Article 138.
View article (PDF - 326KB)

Young, D., S. Campbell, et al. (2005)
The North Queensland Tobacco Project; Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal; 29(5): 27-29.

2004

Adams K, Kavanagh A, Guthrie J (2004)
'Are you Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander?': improving data collection at BreastScreen Victoria; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 28(2):124-127
View ANZJPH abstract (HTML)

Alford, D. K. (2004) 
"Koori Community Smokescreen: Cigarette use and attitudes in the Goulburn Valley." Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal 28(6): 30-31.

Gilchrist D, Woods B, Binns CW, Scott JA, Gracey M, et al. (2004)
Aboriginal mothers, breastfeeding and smoking; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 28(3):225-228
View ANZJPH abstract (HTML)

Ivers R (2004)
An evidence-based approach to planning tobacco interventions for Aboriginal people; Drug and Alcohol Review; 23(1):5-9
View HealthInfoNet abstract

Lowe JB, Saeck L, Brough M, Carmont SA, Clavarino A, Stanton W, Balanda K, Shannon C (2004)
Smoking behaviour among Indigenous secondary school students in North Queensland; Drug and Alcohol Review; 23:101-106
View HealthInfoNet abstract

Mark A, McLeod I, Booker J, Ardler C (2004)
The Koori tobacco cessation project; Health Promotion Journal of Australia; 15(3):200-204
View HPJA abstract (HTML)

Zuo, Y., S. Minniecon, et al. (2004)
If you want your life to end bad, go ahead and smoke': a focus group study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people's attitudes and knowledge towards smoking; Health Promotion Journal of Australia 15: 82-83

2003

Ivers RG (2003)
A review of tobacco interventions for Indigenous Australians; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 27(3):294-299
View ANZJPH abstract (HTML)

Ivers RG, Farrington M, Burns CB, et al. (2003)
A study of the use of free nicotine patches by Indigenous people; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 27(5):486-90
View HealthInfoNet abstract

Ivers, D. R. (2003)
An evidence-based approach to planning tobacco interventions for Aboriginal people; Drug and Alcohol Review 23: 5-9
View Informaworld abstract (HTML)

McCalman, J., Y. Cadet-James, et al. (2003)
Reflecting on Practice - the Development of a Tobacco Brief Intervention Program for Indigenous People in North Queensland; Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal 27(2): 23-25

McDonald SP, Maguire GP, Hoy WE (2003)
Validation of self-reported cigarette smoking in a remote Australian Aboriginal community; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 27(1):57-60
View ANZJPH abstract (HTML)

Say No To Smokes Advisory Committee (2003)
Say no to smokes project; Australian Indigenous HealthBulletin; 3(1):Brief report 1.
View HealthBulletin brief report

2002

Brady M (2002)
Historical and cultural roots of tobacco use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 26:120-124.
View ANZJPH abstract (HTML)

Harvey D, Tsey K, Cadet-James Y, Minniecon D, Ivers R, et al. (2002)
An evaluation of tobacco brief intervention training in three Indigenous health care settings in north Queensland; Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health; 26(5):426-431
View ANZJPH abstract (HTML)

Prior to 2002

Roche M, Ober C (1997)
Rethinking smoking among Aboriginal Australians: the harm minimisation-abstinence conundrum; Health Promotion Journal of Australia; 7(2):128-133
View AHPJA abstract (HTML)

Reports and publications

If you have any relevant journal articles not listed below and you think they would be of interest to others in our community please click here to register it.

2008

World Health Orgainisation (2008)
WHO Report on Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008; The MPOWER package (No. 978 92 4 159628 2); Geneva: WHO
View Report (PDF)

2007

Vos, T., Barker, B., Stanley, L., & Lopez, A. (2007)
The burden of disease and injury in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2003 (No. 978 1 86499 889 4); Brisbane: School of Population Health, The University of Queensland
View Report (PDF)

2006

Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2006)
The health and welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2005: summary booklet.Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and the Australian Bureau of Statistics
View booklet (PDF - 759KB)

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2006)
Australia's health 2006: the tenth biennial health report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
View section: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (PDF - 526KB)
View full report (PDF - 7.14MB - large file warning!)

NSW Department of Health (2006)
National clinical guidelines for the management of drug use during pregnancy, birth and the early development years of the newborn.Sydney: NSW Department of Health
View full report (PDF - 1.12MB - large file warning!)

2005

Adams K, Briggs V (2005)
Galnya Angin (Good Air): partnerships in Indigenous tobacco control.Melbourne: Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Tobacco Control
View full report (PDF - 4.7MB - large file warning!)

Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2005)
Health and welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2005.Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and the Australian Bureau of Statistics
View Chapter 8: Health risk factors (PDF - 308KB)
View full report (PDF - 5.22MB - large file warning!)

Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing (2005)
Youth tobacco prevention literature review.Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing
View full report (PDF - 426KB)

Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing (2005)
Youth tobacco prevention research project.Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing
View full report (PDF - 595KB)

Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2005)
National Tobacco Strategy, 2004-2009: the strategy.Canberra: Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy
View full report (PDF - 310KB)

Smith J (2005)
'Car and Home Smoke Free Zone': final report March 2004 - December 2004.Dubbo, NSW: Macquarie Area Health Service, Centre for Population Health
View full report (PDF - 2.0MB - large file warning!)

South Australian Aboriginal Health Partnership (2005)
Knowing the business: South Australian Aboriginal health indicators 2005.Rundle Mall, SA: South Australian Aboriginal Health Partnership
View full report - click on link "Aboriginal health - everybody's business"

Steering Committee for the Review of Commonwealth Service Provision (2005)
Overcoming Indigenous disadvantage: key indicators 2005: report.Canberra: Productivity Commission
View full report (PDF - 2.58MB - large file warning!)

2004

Department of Health and Human Services (2004)
Reducing smoking in Tasmania: Framework for Action Tasmanian Tobacco Action Plan 2004 and beyond.Hobart: Department of Health and Human Services
View full report (PDF - 335KB)

'Car and Home Smoke Free Zone' Environmental Tobacco Smoke, A Manual for Aboriginal Workers (2004)
NSW, ETS and Child Project
View full manual (PDF 1.08MB)

2003

Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2003)
National Drug Strategy: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Complementary Action Plan 2003-2006, background paper.Canberra: Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy
View full report (PDF - 876KB)

Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2003)
National Drug Strategy: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Complementary Action Plan 2003-2006, action plan.Canberra: Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy?
View full report (PDF - 508KB)

Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2003)
National Drug Strategy: Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area Complementary Action Plan 2003-2006, Torres Strait Islander supplement.Canberra: Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy
View full report (PDF - 354KB)

2002

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2002)
National Health Survey: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander results, Australia 2001.Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics
View full report (PDF - 271KB)

2001

Department of Health (2001)
Taking the lead: Western Australian Tobacco Action Plan 2001-2004.Perth: Department of Health
View full report (PDF - 208KB)

Ivers R (2001)
Indigenous Australians and tobacco: a literature review.Casuarina: Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal and Tropical Health.
View full report (PDF - 522KB)

NSW Health Department (2001)
NSW Tobacco Action Plan 2001-2004.North Sydney: NSW Health Department
View full report (PDF - 285KB)

Prior to 2001

Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing (1994)
National drug strategy household survey - urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander supplement 1994.Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
View full report (PDF - 495KB)

Cunningham J (1997)
Cigarette smoking among Indigenous Australians, 1994.
Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
View full report (HTML)

Department of Education Training and Employment (1999)
Drug education R-12 teacher support package. Early years. Drug education for reception - year 2.Adelaide: Department of Education, Training and Employment.
View sample page (HTML)
View full report (PDF - 1.7MB)

Department of Education Training and Employment (1999)
Drug education R-12 teacher support package. Primary years. Drug education for years 3 - 5.Adelaide: Department of Education, Training and Employment.
View sample page (HTML)
View full report (PDF - 1.4MB)

Department of Education Training and Employment (1999)
Drug education R-12 teacher support package. Middle years. Drug education for years 6 - 9.Adelaide: Department of Education, Training and Employment.
View sample page (HTML)
View full report (PDF - 2.0MB)

Department of Education Training and Employment (1999)
Drug education R-12 teacher support package. Senior years. Drug education for years 10 - 12.Adelaide: Department of Education, Training and Employment.
View sample page (HTML)
View full report (PDF - 1.9MB)

Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (MCDS) (1999)
National tobacco strategy 1999 to 2002-03: a framework for national action.Canberra: Australian Department of Health and Ageing.
View full report (HTML)
View full report (PDF - 160KB)

Queensland Health (2000)
Towards a smoke-free future: Queensland Tobacco Action Plan 2000/2001 to 2003/2004.Brisbane: Queensland Health
View full report (PDF - 114KB)

Theses

If you have any relevant journal articles not listed below and you think they would be of interest to others in our community please click here to register it.

Chandran GM (1996)
Analysis of the impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol use in Aboriginal communities of North Queensland, 1989 to 1993.
Unpublished Master of Public Health Dissertation, University of Queensland
View HealthInfoNet abstract

Conference proceedings and abstracts

First National Tobacco Control Conference
This conference was sponsored by, among others, the Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and contains approximately 20 abstracts that deal specifically with issues pertaining to Indigenous tobacco use.
View HealthInfoNet abstract

Publications and Research

Smoking rates are also high for Indigenous populations in other countries particularly amongst nations which have a similar colonial history.

Click on the links below to read about tobacco other Indigenous populations.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO):

• Globally 1.1 billion people smoke. Each year tobacco causes some five million premature deaths.
• If current smoking patterns continue, it will cause some 10 million deaths each year by 2020. Half the people that smoke today; that is about 650 million people will eventually be killed by tobacco.
• According to these figures, smoking will claim more lives than HIV, tuberculosis, motor vehicle accidents, suicide and homicide combined.

In 1997 the World Bank began a global study on the economics of tobacco control in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO). The aim was to provide a sound and comprehensive evidence base for the design of effective tobacco control policies in any country.

The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is a legally binding treaty negotiated by the 192 WHO Member States. The world's first public health treaty, it provides the basic tools for countries to enact comprehensive tobacco-control legislation.

Australia became the 34th country to ratify the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) on 27 October 2004.

Key findings from the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) are:

• enact comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship;
• obligate the placement of rotating health warnings on tobacco packaging that cover at least 30% (but ideally 50% or more) of the principal display areas;
• ban the use of misleading and deceptive terms such as "light" and "mild" cigarettes;
• protect citizens from exposure to tobacco smoke in workplaces, public transport and indoor public places; and increase tobacco taxes.

To read more about Tobacco and its health effects around the world visit WHO website

The first Oceania Tobacco Control Conference 'From Vision to Reality' was held in Auckland, New Zealand from 5 -7 September, 2007 and attracted 350 delegates from Australia, New Zealand, USA and the Pacific Nations. An Indigenous Gateway Meeting which was held on the preceeding Tuesday 4 September attracted over 110 delegates, 30 of whom were Indigenous Australians. The theme of the Conference was 'From Vision to Reality' and focused on future directions rather than reflecting on past achievements. There was a good representation of Indigenous presenters from all across the Pacific region and delegates were able to hear about experiences from other Indigenous perspectives. The most starkly apparent message that came across was that while smoking rates were trending down in developed nations, Indigenous people generally experienced much higher smoking rates and Indigenous Australian's still have among the highest rates of all. Finally a Declaration by the Indigenous Peoples of Oceania was presented to the Delegates at the last Plennary session. Download the Indigenous Peoples of Oceania Declaration

Visit the Conference website at www.smokefreeoceania.org.nz

Indigenous Scholarships to attend the Conference

The Conference organisers together with the Australian Department of Health and Ageing and CEITC were able to fund 13 Indigenous Scholarships to attend the conference. The Scholarship attracted many applications from all over Australia but after careful consideration the final 13 were chosen by a selection panel. Scholarships were awarded to the following people:

James Charles - Muna Paiendi Community Health Service SA
Alwin Chong - Aboriginal Health Council of SA
Lyn Dimer - National Heart Foundation WA
Lynette Masuda - Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Service WA
Sharon Minniecon - Sydney South West Area Health Service NSW
Graham Nettle - Childhood & Adolescent Health Service WA
Renee Owen - Wathaurong Aboriginal Co-op VIC
David Parfitt - Department of Health and Community Services NT
Selma Kum Sing - Queensland Health
Sharon Wallace - Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education NT
James Ward - Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council of NSW
Peggy Manton-Williams - Redlands Health Service QLD
Dallas Young - Qld

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International Tobacco Control

Some State Governments have developed their own Tobacco Action Plan for implementing key recommendations of the National Tobacco Strategy.

Download copies of the plans here:

• NSW Tobacco Action Plan, 2005-2009
• QLD Tobacco Action Plan, 2000/2001 to 2003/2004
• Tasmanian Tobacco Action Plan, 2006-2010
• Victorian Tobacco Action Plan, 2008-2012 is under review and asking for submissions
• Western Australian Tobacco Action Plan, 2007-2011
• SA Tobacco Control Strategy, 2005-2010

For information about inclusion of Indigenous content in their Tobacco Action Plans please see Appendix A: Audit Results in the Galnya Angin report. This section of the report also contains information on non-government programs and their Indigenous content.

Download a Summary of Existing Legislation (compiled by Commonwealth Department of Health, Feb 2005) which details both national and state legislation.